II) The regular Polyhedra by Origami 

The text, the models by Origami of the convex regular polyhedra
and the Delta big Stellated Dodecahedron are well known.
All the other Origami models presented here are due to Marcel Morales,
who realized them by Origami for the first time in the world.
The photos are original by Marcel Morales

1)   1)   The  Platonic Solids

Two Thousand years ago, greek mathematiciens founded that there are only five regular convex polyhedra,
called Platonic Solids.They are realized by paper models.
To realize them by Origami is simpler, quicker and nicer.
Euler's formula applies to the Platonic Solids.

Tetrahedron

4 faces (equilateral  triangles)

4 vertex

6 edges

 

 

Cube

6 faces (squares)

8 vertex

12 edges

 

Octahedron

8 faces (equilateral  triangles)

6 vertex

12 edges

  

Dodecahedron

12 faces (regular pentagons)

20 vertex

30 edges

 

  

Icosahedron

20 faces (equilateral  triangles)

12 vertex

30 edges

 

III) The non convex regular polyhedra 

 

Johannes Kepler, discovers in 1619 two regular polyhedrons non convex:
the small Stellated Dodecahedra and the big Stellated Dodecahedra (Kepler's stellation).
Two centuries later, in 1809 Louis Poinsot discovers,
two more regular polyhedrons non convex: the great Dodecahedra and the great Icosahedra.
They are called regular because every visible face
(convex or Stellated regular pentagon, or equilateral triangle) is in a plane.
The small Stellated Dodecahedra has 12 faces (star pentagons called pentagrams), 30 edges, 20 vertices.
The great Stellated dodecahedron has 12 faces (star pentagons called pentagrams), 30 edges, 20 vertices.
The great dodecahedron has 12 faces (pentagons), 30 edges, 20 vertices.
The great icosahedron has 20 faces (equilateral triangles), 30 edges, 12 vertices.

.

 small Stellated Dodecahedron

 big Stellated Dodecahedron

 

the great Dodecahedron

 

the great Icosahedron

The following nice polyhedra, are not considered to be regular,
they look like the Kepler Poinsot regular Polyhedra, their faces are regular triangles.
They are in the family of Delta Polyhedra or Deltahedron.

 Delta small Stellated Dodecahedron

  Delta big Stellated Dodecahedron

 

Delta great Dodecahedron

 

Delta great Icosahedra

 

 

 

 

IV) Realization of Delta regular polyhedra by paper folding (ORIGAMI)

 

1)   1)   The Dodecahedron

 

In order to construct the  Dodecahedron, we need 12 similar pieces  to the  elementary piece (2).

We remark that each piece is composed of a regular pentagon and two  tabs.

 

(1)

Make a knot with a strip of paper  of lengths 41,7 cm by 5,5 cm.

(2)

 

 

2)   2)   The Delta regular polyhedra with  equilateral triangular faces

 

In order to construct these solids, we will use the  elementary piece (A) or  its symmetric (B).
We remark that each piece is composed by two equilateral triangles
in the middle of the piece and two others tabs. All these tabs must be used in the construction

                                            

Pièce A

Pièce B

  

Production of the  piece A

(1)

Take a shit of paper, of rectangular shape and  dimensions L andL.

(2)

 

the vertex on the left down must go over the vertex on the right top. Fold it

(3)

Open and fold from the bottom following the line of the previous folding (2).

(4)

 

fold from the top following the line of the previous folding (2).

(5)

Fold the two corners and hide them.

(6)

 

 

 Turn the piece.

(7)

Fold it in order to have four equilateral triangles.

(8)

 

Here is the elementary piece A.

 

 

Réalisation de la pièce B

 

Take a shit of paper, of rectangular shape and  dimensions L andL

(2)

the vertex on the right down must go over the vertex on the left  top. Fold it

(3)

Open and fold from the bottom following the line of the previous folding (2).

(4)

 

fold from the top following the line of the previous folding (2).

(5)

Fold the two corners and hide them..

(6)

 

 

 Turn the piece.

(7)

Fold it in order to have four equilateral triangles.

(8)

 

Here is the elementary piece  B.

 

3)   3)   The cube

In order to construct the cube, we need six elementary pieces identicals, starting with a square. 
Remark that this piece is composed by a square and two triangles.
These two triangles will be used during the construction of the cube

 

(1)

fold the square by the mediane line

(2)

folding again in the middle each half part of the piece  (1) .

(3)

fold the opposite small triangles  rectangles.

(4)

 

fold the piece.

(5)

 

fold two triangles in order to have a parallelogram

(6)

put the two triangles obtained in  (5) in the interior of the parallelogram

      (7)=>

Turn the piece. Fold two triangles rectangles,  in order to get a square and two triangles rectangles

Take care in the step (3) , since you can obtains a symmetrical piece (7’) the cube need 6 pieces identicals.

 

                               

          (3’)                                                    (7’)

 

4)   4)   Number of pieces needed to construct the Delta regular polyhedra with equilateral triangular faces

 

Tetrahedron

2 symmetrical pieces (A+B)

Octahedron

4 pieces identical

Icosahedra

10 pieces (5A+5B)

Delta Small Stellated Dodecahedron

30 identical pieces

Delta Big Stellated Dodecahedron

30 identical pieces

 Delta Great Dodecahedron

30 identical pieces

Delta Great Icosahedra

120 identical pieces